Sozluk

Argon2

Argon2 Key Derivation Function

The winner of the Password Hashing Competition, designed to be memory-hard and resistant to GPU cracking attacks.

Certificate Pinning

TLS Certificate Pinning

A technique that associates a host with its expected certificate, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks with forged certificates.

Checksum

Sağlama Toplamı (Veri Bütünlüğü Doğrulama)

Belirli bir algoritma kullanılarak bir veri bloğundan hesaplanan ve verilerin depolama veya iletim sırasında bozulmadığını veya değiştirilmediğini doğrulamak için parmak izi görevi gören bir değerdir.

Clickjacking

UI Redress Attack

An attack that tricks users into clicking hidden elements by overlaying invisible frames on top of legitimate page content.

CSRF

Cross-Site Request Forgery

An attack tricking an authenticated user into submitting unintended requests to a web application.

CVE

Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures

A standardized catalog of publicly known security vulnerabilities, each assigned a unique CVE-YYYY-NNNNN identifier.

DDoS

Distributed Denial of Service

An attack that overwhelms a server or network with traffic from many distributed sources, making it unavailable to legitimate users.

Entropy

Password Entropy

A measure of randomness or unpredictability in a password, expressed in bits, indicating resistance to guessing.

PGP

PGP (Pretty Good Privacy)

E-postalar, dosyalar ve veriler için gizlilik, kimlik doğrulama ve bütünlük sağlamak amacıyla simetrik ve asimetrik kriptografiyi birleştiren, merkezi olmayan güven ağı modeline dayanan bir şifreleme sistemidir.

TOTP

Time-based One-Time Password

A temporary passcode generated from a shared secret and the current time, used in two-factor authentication.

RSA

RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)

Büyük asal sayıların çarpanlarına ayrılmasının matematiksel zorluğuna dayanan, gizli bir anahtar paylaşmadan güvenli anahtar değişimi, dijital imzalar ve şifreli iletişim sağlayan yaygın kullanılan bir asimetrik şifreleme algoritmasıdır.

SSL/TLS

SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer / Transport Layer Security)

İstemci (tarayıcı) ile sunucu arasındaki verileri şifreleyerek, sunucu kimliğini doğrulayarak ve iletim sırasında veri bütünlüğünü sağlayarak internet üzerindeki iletişimi güvence altına alan kriptografik protokollerdir.

Steganography

Steganografi (Gizli Veri Gömme)

Bir mesajı veya veriyi sıradan görünümlü bir dosyanın (resim, ses kaydı veya video gibi) içine gizleyerek, gizli bilginin varlığının sıradan gözlemciler tarafından fark edilmemesini sağlama pratiğidir.

Password Hashing

Parola Hash'leme (Güvenli Kimlik Bilgisi Saklama)

Düz metin parolayı sabit uzunlukta, geri dönüşü olmayan bir hash değerine dönüştürme işlemidir. Veritabanı ele geçirilse bile orijinal parolaların kolayca kurtarılamamasını sağlar.

QR Code

QR Code (Quick Response Code)

Metin, URL, iletişim bilgileri veya diğer verileri kodlayabilen, ızgara düzeninde siyah-beyaz kare modüllerden oluşan, akıllı telefon kameraları ve özel tarayıcılar tarafından okunabilen iki boyutlu bir barkodtur.

HMAC

HMAC (Hash-Based Message Authentication Code)

Kriptografik hash fonksiyonu ile gizli bir anahtarı birleştirerek mesaj doğrulama kodu oluşturmak için kullanılan, hem veri bütünlüğünü hem de mesajın özgünlüğünü doğrulayan belirli bir yapıdır.

Key Derivation

Key Derivation Function

A function that derives one or more secret keys from a password or passphrase using a pseudorandom function.

Salt

Cryptographic Salt

Random data added to a password before hashing to ensure identical passwords produce different hashes.

Public Key

Public Key Cryptography

A cryptographic system using paired keys where the public key encrypts and only the private key can decrypt.

XSS

Cross-Site Scripting

An attack injecting malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users, stealing data or session tokens.

OWASP Top 10

OWASP Top Ten Web Risks

A regularly updated list of the ten most critical web application security risks, published by the Open Web Application Security Project.

SQL Injection

SQL Injection Attack

Inserting malicious SQL code into application queries to access, modify, or delete database data.

Command Injection

OS Command Injection

An attack passing arbitrary operating system commands through a vulnerable application to the host system.

Path Traversal

Directory Traversal Attack

Exploiting insufficient input validation to access files outside the intended directory using ../ sequences.

Penetration Testing

Penetration Testing (Pentest)

Simulating real-world attacks against a system to identify security vulnerabilities before malicious actors do.

Threat Modeling

Security Threat Modeling

A structured process for identifying potential threats, attack vectors, and mitigations during system design.

Defense in Depth

Defense in Depth Strategy

A security approach using multiple layers of protection so that if one layer fails, others still provide defense.

Insecure Deserialization

A vulnerability where untrusted data is deserialized without validation, potentially enabling remote code execution.

XXE

XML External Entity Attack

An attack exploiting XML parsers to access local files, perform SSRF, or cause denial of service via entity expansion.

SRI

Subresource Integrity

An HTML attribute providing a cryptographic hash to verify that fetched resources have not been tampered with.

CORS Misconfiguration

CORS Security Misconfiguration

Overly permissive CORS headers allowing unauthorized origins to read sensitive API responses in the browser.

Sensitive Data Exposure

A vulnerability where applications fail to adequately protect sensitive data like passwords, tokens, or PII in transit or at rest.

HSTS

HTTP Strict Transport Security

An HTTP header instructing browsers to only connect via HTTPS, preventing protocol downgrade attacks.

Zero-Day

Zero-Day Vulnerability

A software vulnerability unknown to the vendor and without a patch, actively exploited before a fix is available.

SSRF

Server-Side Request Forgery

An attack making the server send requests to unintended internal or external resources on behalf of the attacker.

RBAC

Role-Based Access Control

An authorization model that assigns permissions to roles rather than individual users, simplifying access management at scale.

PKI

Public Key Infrastructure

A framework of certificate authorities, digital certificates, and key pairs that enables secure encrypted communication and identity verification.

WAF

Web Application Firewall

A security layer that filters HTTP traffic between a web application and the internet, blocking common attacks like SQL injection and XSS.

Nonce

Number Used Once

A random or sequential value used exactly once in cryptographic operations to prevent replay attacks and ensure message freshness.

E2EE

End-to-End Encryption

A communication system where only the sender and recipient can read messages, with encryption keys never accessible to intermediary servers.

FIDO2

Fast Identity Online 2

An authentication standard enabling passwordless login through hardware security keys or biometrics using public key cryptography.

Sandbox

Security Sandbox

An isolated execution environment that restricts a program's access to system resources, limiting the impact of malicious code.

SHA-256

SHA-256 (Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit)

Herhangi bir girdiden sabit 256 bit (32 bayt) özet üreten, veri bütünlüğü doğrulama, dijital imzalar, blok zinciri ve parola saklama için yaygın olarak kullanılan bir kriptografik hash fonksiyonudur.

AES

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)

2001 yılında ABD hükümeti (NIST) tarafından standart olarak benimsenen en yaygın kullanılan simetrik şifreleme algoritmasıdır. AES, 128, 192 veya 256 bit anahtarlar kullanarak verileri sabit 128 bit bloklar halinde şifreler.

2FA

Two-Factor Authentication

A security process requiring two distinct forms of identification — typically a password and a code from a separate device.