Argon2
Argon2 Key Derivation Function
The winner of the Password Hashing Competition, designed to be memory-hard and resistant to GPU cracking attacks.
SecurityCertificate Pinning
TLS Certificate Pinning
A technique that associates a host with its expected certificate, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks with forged certificates.
SecurityChecksum
Checksum (Código de Verificação de Integridade)
Um valor de tamanho fixo calculado a partir de um bloco de dados que serve como uma impressão digital para verificar a integridade dos dados — se algum bit for alterado, o checksum muda, indicando corrupção ou adulteração.
SecurityClickjacking
UI Redress Attack
An attack that tricks users into clicking hidden elements by overlaying invisible frames on top of legitimate page content.
SecurityCSRF
Cross-Site Request Forgery
An attack tricking an authenticated user into submitting unintended requests to a web application.
SecurityCVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
A standardized catalog of publicly known security vulnerabilities, each assigned a unique CVE-YYYY-NNNNN identifier.
SecurityDDoS
Distributed Denial of Service
An attack that overwhelms a server or network with traffic from many distributed sources, making it unavailable to legitimate users.
SecurityEntropy
Password Entropy
A measure of randomness or unpredictability in a password, expressed in bits, indicating resistance to guessing.
SecurityPGP
PGP (Pretty Good Privacy)
Uma estrutura de criptografia e assinatura que usa criptografia de chave pública para permitir que indivíduos enviem e-mails criptografados, assinem documentos e verifiquem identidades sem depender de uma autoridade central.
SecurityTOTP
Time-based One-Time Password
A temporary passcode generated from a shared secret and the current time, used in two-factor authentication.
SecurityRSA
RSA (Rivest–Shamir–Adleman)
Um algoritmo de criptografia assimétrica que usa um par de chaves matematicamente relacionadas — uma chave pública para criptografar e uma chave privada para descriptografar — permitindo comunicação segura sem troca prévia de segredos.
SecuritySSL/TLS
SSL/TLS (Camada de Soquete Seguro / Segurança da Camada de Transporte)
Protocolos criptográficos que fornecem comunicações seguras sobre redes de computadores. TLS (o sucessor moderno do SSL) criptografa dados em trânsito entre clientes e servidores, prevenindo espionagem e adulteração.
SecuritySteganography
Esteganografia (Ocultação de Dados)
A prática de ocultar informações secretas dentro de dados comuns e inocentes — como imagens, áudio ou vídeo — de modo que a própria existência da mensagem oculta seja indetectável a observadores casuais.
SecurityPassword Hashing
Hashing de Senhas (Armazenamento Seguro de Credenciais)
O processo de transformar senhas em texto simples em representações criptografadas irreversíveis que podem ser armazenadas com segurança, usando algoritmos deliberadamente lentos para tornar ataques de força bruta impraticáveis.
SecurityQR Code
QR Code (Código de Resposta Rápida)
Um código de barras bidimensional que codifica dados como uma grade de módulos quadrados pretos e brancos, capaz de armazenar texto, URLs, informações de contato ou dados binários, e pode ser escaneado instantaneamente por qualquer câmera de smartphone.
SecurityHMAC
HMAC (Código de Autenticação de Mensagem Baseado em Hash)
Um código de autenticação de mensagem que combina uma função hash criptográfica com uma chave secreta, verificando tanto a integridade dos dados quanto a autenticidade do remetente em uma única operação.
SecurityKey Derivation
Key Derivation Function
A function that derives one or more secret keys from a password or passphrase using a pseudorandom function.
SecuritySalt
Cryptographic Salt
Random data added to a password before hashing to ensure identical passwords produce different hashes.
SecurityPublic Key
Public Key Cryptography
A cryptographic system using paired keys where the public key encrypts and only the private key can decrypt.
SecurityXSS
Cross-Site Scripting
An attack injecting malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users, stealing data or session tokens.
SecurityOWASP Top 10
OWASP Top Ten Web Risks
A regularly updated list of the ten most critical web application security risks, published by the Open Web Application Security Project.
SecuritySQL Injection
SQL Injection Attack
Inserting malicious SQL code into application queries to access, modify, or delete database data.
SecurityCommand Injection
OS Command Injection
An attack passing arbitrary operating system commands through a vulnerable application to the host system.
SecurityPath Traversal
Directory Traversal Attack
Exploiting insufficient input validation to access files outside the intended directory using ../ sequences.
SecurityPenetration Testing
Penetration Testing (Pentest)
Simulating real-world attacks against a system to identify security vulnerabilities before malicious actors do.
SecurityThreat Modeling
Security Threat Modeling
A structured process for identifying potential threats, attack vectors, and mitigations during system design.
SecurityDefense in Depth
Defense in Depth Strategy
A security approach using multiple layers of protection so that if one layer fails, others still provide defense.
SecurityInsecure Deserialization
A vulnerability where untrusted data is deserialized without validation, potentially enabling remote code execution.
SecurityXXE
XML External Entity Attack
An attack exploiting XML parsers to access local files, perform SSRF, or cause denial of service via entity expansion.
SecuritySRI
Subresource Integrity
An HTML attribute providing a cryptographic hash to verify that fetched resources have not been tampered with.
SecurityCORS Misconfiguration
CORS Security Misconfiguration
Overly permissive CORS headers allowing unauthorized origins to read sensitive API responses in the browser.
SecuritySensitive Data Exposure
A vulnerability where applications fail to adequately protect sensitive data like passwords, tokens, or PII in transit or at rest.
SecurityHSTS
HTTP Strict Transport Security
An HTTP header instructing browsers to only connect via HTTPS, preventing protocol downgrade attacks.
SecurityZero-Day
Zero-Day Vulnerability
A software vulnerability unknown to the vendor and without a patch, actively exploited before a fix is available.
SecuritySSRF
Server-Side Request Forgery
An attack making the server send requests to unintended internal or external resources on behalf of the attacker.
SecurityRBAC
Role-Based Access Control
An authorization model that assigns permissions to roles rather than individual users, simplifying access management at scale.
SecurityPKI
Public Key Infrastructure
A framework of certificate authorities, digital certificates, and key pairs that enables secure encrypted communication and identity verification.
SecurityWAF
Web Application Firewall
A security layer that filters HTTP traffic between a web application and the internet, blocking common attacks like SQL injection and XSS.
SecurityNonce
Number Used Once
A random or sequential value used exactly once in cryptographic operations to prevent replay attacks and ensure message freshness.
SecurityE2EE
End-to-End Encryption
A communication system where only the sender and recipient can read messages, with encryption keys never accessible to intermediary servers.
SecurityFIDO2
Fast Identity Online 2
An authentication standard enabling passwordless login through hardware security keys or biometrics using public key cryptography.
SecuritySandbox
Security Sandbox
An isolated execution environment that restricts a program's access to system resources, limiting the impact of malicious code.
SecuritySHA-256
SHA-256 (Algoritmo de Hash Seguro de 256 bits)
Uma função hash criptográfica que produz uma impressão digital de tamanho fixo de 256 bits (32 bytes) a partir de qualquer entrada, projetada para ser uma função unidirecional onde é computacionalmente inviável reverter o hash ao dado original.
SecurityAES
AES (Padrão de Criptografia Avançada)
Um algoritmo de criptografia simétrica que protege dados usando a mesma chave secreta tanto para criptografia quanto para descriptografia, e é o padrão de criptografia mais amplamente utilizado no mundo.
Security2FA
Two-Factor Authentication
A security process requiring two distinct forms of identification — typically a password and a code from a separate device.
Security