Argon2
Argon2 Key Derivation Function
The winner of the Password Hashing Competition, designed to be memory-hard and resistant to GPU cracking attacks.
SecurityCertificate Pinning
TLS Certificate Pinning
A technique that associates a host with its expected certificate, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks with forged certificates.
SecurityChecksum
チェックサム(データ整合性検証)
特定のアルゴリズムを使用してデータブロックから計算される値で、保存中や送信中にデータが破損または改ざんされていないことを検証するためのフィンガープリントとして機能します。
SecurityClickjacking
UI Redress Attack
An attack that tricks users into clicking hidden elements by overlaying invisible frames on top of legitimate page content.
SecurityCSRF
Cross-Site Request Forgery
An attack tricking an authenticated user into submitting unintended requests to a web application.
SecurityCVE
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
A standardized catalog of publicly known security vulnerabilities, each assigned a unique CVE-YYYY-NNNNN identifier.
SecurityDDoS
Distributed Denial of Service
An attack that overwhelms a server or network with traffic from many distributed sources, making it unavailable to legitimate users.
SecurityEntropy
Password Entropy
A measure of randomness or unpredictability in a password, expressed in bits, indicating resistance to guessing.
SecurityPGP
PGP(Pretty Good Privacy)
共通鍵暗号と公開鍵暗号を組み合わせて、メール、ファイル、データの機密性、認証、完全性を提供する暗号化システムで、分散型のWeb of Trustモデルに基づいています。
SecurityTOTP
Time-based One-Time Password
A temporary passcode generated from a shared secret and the current time, used in two-factor authentication.
SecurityRSA
RSA(Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)
大きな素数の因数分解が数学的に困難であることに基づく、広く使用されている公開鍵暗号アルゴリズムです。秘密鍵を共有することなく、安全な鍵交換、デジタル署名、暗号化通信を実現します。
SecuritySSL/TLS
SSL/TLS(Secure Sockets Layer / Transport Layer Security)
クライアント(ブラウザ)とサーバー間のデータを暗号化し、サーバーの身元を認証し、送信中のデータの完全性を保証することで、インターネット上の通信を保護する暗号プロトコルです。
SecuritySteganography
ステガノグラフィ(データ埋め込み)
通常に見えるファイル(画像、音声トラック、動画など)の中にメッセージやデータを隠し、隠された情報の存在が一般の観察者には分からないようにする技術です。
SecurityPassword Hashing
パスワードハッシュ化(安全な認証情報の保存)
平文のパスワードを固定長の不可逆なハッシュ値に変換して保存するプロセスで、データベースが漏洩しても元のパスワードが容易に復元されないようにします。
SecurityQR Code
QRコード(Quick Response Code)
グリッドパターンに配置された白黒の正方形モジュールで構成される二次元バーコードで、テキスト、URL、連絡先情報などのデータをエンコードでき、スマートフォンのカメラや専用スキャナーで読み取れます。
SecurityHMAC
HMAC(Hash-Based Message Authentication Code)
暗号学的ハッシュ関数と秘密鍵を組み合わせてメッセージ認証コードを作成する特定の構成法で、データの完全性と真正性の両方を検証します。
SecurityKey Derivation
Key Derivation Function
A function that derives one or more secret keys from a password or passphrase using a pseudorandom function.
SecuritySalt
Cryptographic Salt
Random data added to a password before hashing to ensure identical passwords produce different hashes.
SecurityPublic Key
Public Key Cryptography
A cryptographic system using paired keys where the public key encrypts and only the private key can decrypt.
SecurityXSS
Cross-Site Scripting
An attack injecting malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users, stealing data or session tokens.
SecurityOWASP Top 10
OWASP Top Ten Web Risks
A regularly updated list of the ten most critical web application security risks, published by the Open Web Application Security Project.
SecuritySQL Injection
SQL Injection Attack
Inserting malicious SQL code into application queries to access, modify, or delete database data.
SecurityCommand Injection
OS Command Injection
An attack passing arbitrary operating system commands through a vulnerable application to the host system.
SecurityPath Traversal
Directory Traversal Attack
Exploiting insufficient input validation to access files outside the intended directory using ../ sequences.
SecurityPenetration Testing
Penetration Testing (Pentest)
Simulating real-world attacks against a system to identify security vulnerabilities before malicious actors do.
SecurityThreat Modeling
Security Threat Modeling
A structured process for identifying potential threats, attack vectors, and mitigations during system design.
SecurityDefense in Depth
Defense in Depth Strategy
A security approach using multiple layers of protection so that if one layer fails, others still provide defense.
SecurityInsecure Deserialization
A vulnerability where untrusted data is deserialized without validation, potentially enabling remote code execution.
SecurityXXE
XML External Entity Attack
An attack exploiting XML parsers to access local files, perform SSRF, or cause denial of service via entity expansion.
SecuritySRI
Subresource Integrity
An HTML attribute providing a cryptographic hash to verify that fetched resources have not been tampered with.
SecurityCORS Misconfiguration
CORS Security Misconfiguration
Overly permissive CORS headers allowing unauthorized origins to read sensitive API responses in the browser.
SecuritySensitive Data Exposure
A vulnerability where applications fail to adequately protect sensitive data like passwords, tokens, or PII in transit or at rest.
SecurityHSTS
HTTP Strict Transport Security
An HTTP header instructing browsers to only connect via HTTPS, preventing protocol downgrade attacks.
SecurityZero-Day
Zero-Day Vulnerability
A software vulnerability unknown to the vendor and without a patch, actively exploited before a fix is available.
SecuritySSRF
Server-Side Request Forgery
An attack making the server send requests to unintended internal or external resources on behalf of the attacker.
SecurityRBAC
Role-Based Access Control
An authorization model that assigns permissions to roles rather than individual users, simplifying access management at scale.
SecurityPKI
Public Key Infrastructure
A framework of certificate authorities, digital certificates, and key pairs that enables secure encrypted communication and identity verification.
SecurityWAF
Web Application Firewall
A security layer that filters HTTP traffic between a web application and the internet, blocking common attacks like SQL injection and XSS.
SecurityNonce
Number Used Once
A random or sequential value used exactly once in cryptographic operations to prevent replay attacks and ensure message freshness.
SecurityE2EE
End-to-End Encryption
A communication system where only the sender and recipient can read messages, with encryption keys never accessible to intermediary servers.
SecurityFIDO2
Fast Identity Online 2
An authentication standard enabling passwordless login through hardware security keys or biometrics using public key cryptography.
SecuritySandbox
Security Sandbox
An isolated execution environment that restricts a program's access to system resources, limiting the impact of malicious code.
SecuritySHA-256
SHA-256(Secure Hash Algorithm 256ビット)
任意の入力から固定長256ビット(32バイト)のダイジェストを生成する暗号学的ハッシュ関数で、データの完全性検証、デジタル署名、ブロックチェーン、パスワード保存に広く使用されています。
SecurityAES
AES(Advanced Encryption Standard)
2001年に米国政府(NIST)の標準として採用された、最も広く使用されている共通鍵暗号アルゴリズムです。AESは128、192、または256ビットの鍵を使用して、固定128ビットブロック単位でデータを暗号化します。
Security2FA
Two-Factor Authentication
A security process requiring two distinct forms of identification — typically a password and a code from a separate device.
Security