Glosarium

Argon2

Argon2 Key Derivation Function

The winner of the Password Hashing Competition, designed to be memory-hard and resistant to GPU cracking attacks.

Certificate Pinning

TLS Certificate Pinning

A technique that associates a host with its expected certificate, preventing man-in-the-middle attacks with forged certificates.

Checksum

Checksum (Verifikasi Integritas Data)

Nilai yang dihitung dari blok data menggunakan algoritma tertentu yang berfungsi sebagai sidik jari untuk memverifikasi bahwa data belum rusak atau diubah selama penyimpanan atau transmisi.

Clickjacking

UI Redress Attack

An attack that tricks users into clicking hidden elements by overlaying invisible frames on top of legitimate page content.

CSRF

Cross-Site Request Forgery

An attack tricking an authenticated user into submitting unintended requests to a web application.

CVE

Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures

A standardized catalog of publicly known security vulnerabilities, each assigned a unique CVE-YYYY-NNNNN identifier.

DDoS

Distributed Denial of Service

An attack that overwhelms a server or network with traffic from many distributed sources, making it unavailable to legitimate users.

Entropy

Password Entropy

A measure of randomness or unpredictability in a password, expressed in bits, indicating resistance to guessing.

PGP

PGP (Pretty Good Privacy)

Sistem enkripsi yang menggunakan kombinasi kriptografi simetris dan asimetris untuk menyediakan kerahasiaan, autentikasi, dan integritas untuk email, file, dan data, berdasarkan model web of trust terdesentralisasi.

TOTP

Time-based One-Time Password

A temporary passcode generated from a shared secret and the current time, used in two-factor authentication.

RSA

RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)

Algoritma enkripsi asimetris yang banyak digunakan berdasarkan kesulitan matematis memfaktorkan bilangan prima besar, memungkinkan pertukaran kunci yang aman, tanda tangan digital, dan komunikasi terenkripsi tanpa berbagi kunci rahasia.

SSL/TLS

SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer / Transport Layer Security)

Protokol kriptografi yang mengamankan komunikasi melalui internet dengan mengenkripsi data antara klien (browser) dan server, mengautentikasi identitas server, dan memastikan integritas data selama transmisi.

Steganography

Steganografi (Penyembunyian Data Tersembunyi)

Praktik menyembunyikan pesan atau data di dalam file yang tampak biasa (seperti gambar, trek audio, atau video) sehingga keberadaan informasi tersembunyi tidak tampak bagi pengamat biasa.

Password Hashing

Password Hashing (Penyimpanan Kredensial Aman)

Proses mengubah kata sandi teks biasa menjadi nilai hash panjang tetap yang tidak dapat dibalik untuk penyimpanan, memastikan bahwa meskipun database diretas, kata sandi asli tidak dapat dengan mudah dipulihkan.

QR Code

QR Code (Quick Response Code)

Barcode dua dimensi yang terdiri dari modul persegi hitam dan putih yang disusun dalam pola grid yang dapat mengkodekan teks, URL, informasi kontak, atau data lainnya, dapat dibaca oleh kamera smartphone dan scanner khusus.

HMAC

HMAC (Hash-Based Message Authentication Code)

Konstruksi spesifik untuk membuat kode autentikasi pesan menggunakan fungsi hash kriptografi yang dikombinasikan dengan kunci rahasia, memverifikasi integritas data dan keaslian pesan.

Key Derivation

Key Derivation Function

A function that derives one or more secret keys from a password or passphrase using a pseudorandom function.

Salt

Cryptographic Salt

Random data added to a password before hashing to ensure identical passwords produce different hashes.

Public Key

Public Key Cryptography

A cryptographic system using paired keys where the public key encrypts and only the private key can decrypt.

XSS

Cross-Site Scripting

An attack injecting malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users, stealing data or session tokens.

OWASP Top 10

OWASP Top Ten Web Risks

A regularly updated list of the ten most critical web application security risks, published by the Open Web Application Security Project.

SQL Injection

SQL Injection Attack

Inserting malicious SQL code into application queries to access, modify, or delete database data.

Command Injection

OS Command Injection

An attack passing arbitrary operating system commands through a vulnerable application to the host system.

Path Traversal

Directory Traversal Attack

Exploiting insufficient input validation to access files outside the intended directory using ../ sequences.

Penetration Testing

Penetration Testing (Pentest)

Simulating real-world attacks against a system to identify security vulnerabilities before malicious actors do.

Threat Modeling

Security Threat Modeling

A structured process for identifying potential threats, attack vectors, and mitigations during system design.

Defense in Depth

Defense in Depth Strategy

A security approach using multiple layers of protection so that if one layer fails, others still provide defense.

Insecure Deserialization

A vulnerability where untrusted data is deserialized without validation, potentially enabling remote code execution.

XXE

XML External Entity Attack

An attack exploiting XML parsers to access local files, perform SSRF, or cause denial of service via entity expansion.

SRI

Subresource Integrity

An HTML attribute providing a cryptographic hash to verify that fetched resources have not been tampered with.

CORS Misconfiguration

CORS Security Misconfiguration

Overly permissive CORS headers allowing unauthorized origins to read sensitive API responses in the browser.

Sensitive Data Exposure

A vulnerability where applications fail to adequately protect sensitive data like passwords, tokens, or PII in transit or at rest.

HSTS

HTTP Strict Transport Security

An HTTP header instructing browsers to only connect via HTTPS, preventing protocol downgrade attacks.

Zero-Day

Zero-Day Vulnerability

A software vulnerability unknown to the vendor and without a patch, actively exploited before a fix is available.

SSRF

Server-Side Request Forgery

An attack making the server send requests to unintended internal or external resources on behalf of the attacker.

RBAC

Role-Based Access Control

An authorization model that assigns permissions to roles rather than individual users, simplifying access management at scale.

PKI

Public Key Infrastructure

A framework of certificate authorities, digital certificates, and key pairs that enables secure encrypted communication and identity verification.

WAF

Web Application Firewall

A security layer that filters HTTP traffic between a web application and the internet, blocking common attacks like SQL injection and XSS.

Nonce

Number Used Once

A random or sequential value used exactly once in cryptographic operations to prevent replay attacks and ensure message freshness.

E2EE

End-to-End Encryption

A communication system where only the sender and recipient can read messages, with encryption keys never accessible to intermediary servers.

FIDO2

Fast Identity Online 2

An authentication standard enabling passwordless login through hardware security keys or biometrics using public key cryptography.

Sandbox

Security Sandbox

An isolated execution environment that restricts a program's access to system resources, limiting the impact of malicious code.

SHA-256

SHA-256 (Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit)

Fungsi hash kriptografi yang menghasilkan digest tetap 256-bit (32-byte) dari input apa pun, banyak digunakan untuk verifikasi integritas data, tanda tangan digital, blockchain, dan penyimpanan kata sandi.

AES

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)

Algoritma enkripsi simetris yang paling banyak digunakan, diadopsi sebagai standar oleh pemerintah AS (NIST) pada tahun 2001. AES mengenkripsi data dalam blok tetap 128-bit menggunakan kunci 128, 192, atau 256 bit.

2FA

Two-Factor Authentication

A security process requiring two distinct forms of identification — typically a password and a code from a separate device.